Quality of Life and Its Determinants in Adult Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy Treatment in Pakistan

OBJECTIVE Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Likewise, in Pakistan, it is a major health problem, with an approximate increase each year. Cancer treatment, particularly chemotherapy, produces a detrimental effect on individuals' well-being. Since the past few years, quality of life (QOL) is considered as the primary goal of cancer treatment in patients' survival. This study aimed to assess the QOL and its determinants in adult cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment. METHODS An analytical cross-sectional design was employed to achieve the study objectives, utilizing consecutive sampling technique. A total of 150 adult (>19 years) cancer patients were recruited from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. The data were collected using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General, a QOL questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was run to determine the effect of predictor variables, with a mean QOL score. RESULTS The overall mean score of QOL as 57.37. The domains of physical and emotional well-being were mainly affected by the chemotherapy treatment. Variables such as no previous hospitalization and no significant changes in life events were positively associated with the QOL. On the other hand, being female, unemployed, chemotherapy side effects (>1 week), impaired socialization, and discrimination by family/relatives were negatively associated with the QOL. CONCLUSIONS The study findings suggested an overall low QOL among adult cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment. It is recognized as a stressful treatment, which adversely affects the QOL of cancer patients. Interventions should focus on both the physical and psychological issues and need to be addressed to improve the QOL of adult cancer patients.